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Charlie Chaplin - Wikipedia. Sir Charles Spencer . Chaplin became a worldwide icon through his screen persona . His career spanned more than 7. Victorian era until a year before his death in 1. Chaplin's childhood in London was one of poverty and hardship. As his father was absent and his mother struggled financially, he was sent to a workhouse twice before the age of nine.

When he was 1. 4, his mother was committed to a mental asylum. Chaplin began performing at an early age, touring music halls and later working as a stage actor and comedian. At 1. 9, he was signed to the prestigious Fred Karno company, which took him to America. Chaplin was scouted for the film industry and began appearing in 1. Keystone Studios.

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He soon developed the Tramp persona and formed a large fan base. Chaplin directed his own films from an early stage and continued to hone his craft as he moved to the Essanay, Mutual, and First National corporations. By 1. 91. 8, he was one of the best- known figures in the world. In 1. 91. 9, Chaplin co- founded the distribution company United Artists, which gave him complete control over his films. His first feature- length was The Kid (1.

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A Woman of Paris (1. The Gold Rush (1. How To Watch We`Ll Never Have Paris (2015) Online. The Circus (1. 92. He refused to move to sound films in the 1. City Lights (1. 93.

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Modern Times (1. 93. Chaplin became increasingly political, and his next film, The Great Dictator (1. Adolf Hitler. The 1. Chaplin, and his popularity declined rapidly. He was accused of communist sympathies, while his involvement in a paternity suit and marriages to much younger women caused scandal. An FBI investigation was opened, and Chaplin was forced to leave the United States and settle in Switzerland.

He abandoned the Tramp in his later films, which include Monsieur Verdoux (1. Limelight (1. 95. A King in New York (1. A Countess from Hong Kong (1. Chaplin wrote, directed, produced, edited, starred in, and composed the music for most of his films. He was a perfectionist, and his financial independence enabled him to spend years on the development and production of a picture. His films are characterised by slapstick combined with pathos, typified in the Tramp's struggles against adversity.

Many contain social and political themes, as well as autobiographical elements. In 1. 97. 2, as part of a renewed appreciation for his work, Chaplin received an Honorary Academy Award for . He continues to be held in high regard, with The Gold Rush, City Lights, Modern Times, and The Great Dictator often ranked on industry lists of the greatest films of all time.

Biography. 18. 89–1. Early years. Background and childhood hardship. Charles Spencer Chaplin was born on 1. April 1. 88. 9 to Hannah Chaplin (born Hannah Harriet Pedlingham Hill) and Charles Chaplin Sr. There is no official record of his birth, although Chaplin believed he was born at East Street, Walworth, in South London. Hannah, the daughter of a shoemaker, had a brief and unsuccessful career under the stage name Lily Harley, while Charles Sr., a butcher's son, was a popular singer.

Although they never divorced, Chaplin's parents were estranged by around 1. The following year, Hannah gave birth to a third son – George Wheeler Dryden – fathered by the music hall entertainer Leo Dryden. The child was taken by Dryden at six months old, and did not re- enter Chaplin's life for 3.

Chaplin's childhood was fraught with poverty and hardship, making his eventual trajectory . Chaplin's early years were spent with his mother and brother Sydney in the London district of Kennington; Hannah had no means of income, other than occasional nursing and dressmaking, and Chaplin Sr. As the situation deteriorated, Chaplin was sent to Lambeth Workhouse when he was seven years old. He was briefly reunited with his mother 1. Hannah was forced to readmit her family to the workhouse in July 1.

The boys were promptly sent to Norwood Schools, another institution for destitute children. For the two months she was there, Chaplin and his brother Sydney were sent to live with their father, whom the young boys scarcely knew. Chaplin's father died two years later, at 3. Hannah entered a period of remission but, in May 1. Chaplin, then 1. 4, had the task of taking his mother to the infirmary, from where she was sent back to Cane Hill.

He lived alone for several days, searching for food and occasionally sleeping rough, until Sydney – who had enrolled in the Navy two years earlier – returned. Hannah was released from the asylum eight months later, but in March 1. He later recalled making his first amateur appearance at the age of five years, when he took over from Hannah one night in Aldershot. He later wrote: . Through his father's connections, Chaplin became a member of the Eight Lancashire Ladsclog- dancing troupe, with whom he toured English music halls throughout 1. He supported himself with a range of jobs, while nursing his ambition to become an actor.

At 1. 4, shortly after his mother's relapse, he registered with a theatrical agency in London's West End. The manager sensed potential in Chaplin, who was promptly given his first role as a newsboy in Harry Arthur Saintsbury's Jim, a Romance of Cockayne. It opened in July 1. Chaplin's comic performance, however, was singled out for praise in many of the reviews. Saintsbury secured a role for Chaplin in Charles Frohman's production of Sherlock Holmes, where he played Billy the pageboy in three nationwide tours.

His performance was so well received that he was called to London to play the role alongside William Gillette, the original Holmes. At 1. 6 years old, Chaplin starred in the play's West End production at the Duke of York's Theatre from October to December 1. He completed one final tour of Sherlock Holmes in early 1. Stage comedy and vaudeville. Chaplin soon found work with a new company, and went on tour with his brother – who was also pursuing an acting career – in a comedy sketch called Repairs.

In May 1. 90. 6, Chaplin joined the juvenile act Casey's Circus, where he developed popular burlesque pieces and was soon the star of the show. By the time the act finished touring in July 1.

He struggled to find more work, however, and a brief attempt at a solo act was a failure. In February, he managed to secure a two- week trial for his younger brother. Karno was initially wary, and considered Chaplin a . Chaplin began by playing a series of minor parts, eventually progressing to starring roles in 1. In April 1. 91. 0, he was given the lead in a new sketch, Jimmy the Fearless.

It was a big success, and Chaplin received considerable press attention. Karno selected his new star to join the section of the company, one that also included Stan Laurel, that toured North America's vaudeville circuit. The young comedian headed the show and impressed reviewers, being described as .

His most successful role was a drunk called the . The tour lasted 2. England in June 1. Chaplin recalled that he . A representative who had seen his performances thought he could replace Fred Mace, a star of their Keystone Studios who intended to leave.

Chaplin thought the Keystone comedies . His boss was Mack Sennett, who initially expressed concern that the 2. He was not used in a picture until late January, during which time Chaplin attempted to learn the processes of filmmaking. The one- reeler. Making a Living marked his film acting debut and was released on 2 February 1. Chaplin strongly disliked the picture, but one review picked him out as . For his second appearance in front of the camera, Chaplin selected the costume with which he became identified. He described the process in his autobiography.

I added a small moustache, which, I reasoned, would add age without hiding my expression. I had no idea of the character. But the moment I was dressed, the clothes and the makeup made me feel the person he was.

I began to know him, and by the time I walked on stage he was fully born. Chaplin adopted the character as his screen persona and attempted to make suggestions for the films he appeared in.