Based upon unpublished diaries, the film assumes the role of an anthropologist observing remote shepherd communities in Afghanistan where wolves and sheep have equal.

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African- American Civil Rights Movement (1. The African- American Civil Rights Movement was a group of social movements in the United States. Their goal was to gain equal rights for African- American people. Activists used strategies like boycotts, sit- ins, and protest marches. Sometimes police or racist white people would attack them, but the activists never fought back. However, the Civil Rights Movement was made up of many different people and groups.

Not everyone believed the same things. For example, the Black Power movement believed black people should demand their civil rights and force white leaders to give them those rights. The Civil Rights Movement was also made of people of different races and religions. The Movement's leaders and most of its activists were African- American.

However, the Movement got political and financial support from labor unions, religious groups, and some white politicians, like Lyndon B. Activists of all races came to join African- Americans in marches, sit- ins, and protests. The Civil Rights Movement was very successful. It helped get five federal laws and two amendments to the Constitution passed. These officially protected African Americans' rights. It also helped change many white people's attitudes about the way black people were treated and the rights they deserved. Before the American Civil War, there were almost four million black slaves in the United States.

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Only white men with property could vote, and only white people could be United States citizens. However, in 1. 87. Reconstruction ended.

By the 1. 89. 0s, the Southern states' legislatures were all- white again. Southern Democrats, who did not support civil rights for blacks, completely ruled the South. These racist laws became known as Jim Crow laws.

For example, they included: Laws that made it impossible for blacks to vote (this is called disenfranchisement). Since they could not vote, blacks also could not be on juries. For example, blacks could not. Ferguson that these laws were legal.

They said that having things be . However, places like black schools and libraries got much less money and were not as good as places for whites. Individuals, groups, police, and huge crowds of people could hurt or even kill African Americans, without the government trying to stop them or punishing them. Lynchings became more common. However, social discrimination and tensions affected African Americans in other areas as well. Many African Americans could not get mortgages to buy houses.

Realtors would not sell black people houses in the suburbs, where white people lived. They also would not rentapartments in white areas. He believed that segregation was best for everyone. However, the military was segregated, and they were not given the same opportunities as white soldiers. After activism from black veterans, President Harry Truman de- segregated the military in 1. They formed new groups and tried to form labor unions. They tried to use the courts to get justice.

For example, in 1. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was created. It fought to end race discrimination through lawsuits, education, and lobbying. Instead, African American activists decided to use a combination of protests, nonviolence, and civil disobedience. This is how the African- American Civil Rights Movement of 1. Cartoon from Harper's Weekly (1. Divx Ipod Thor 3 (2017).

Civil War and saying they should be able to vote. A white supremacist campaign poster (1.

It tells people to vote for the person who will not support civil rights. White Democrats killed 6. Republicans in the Colfax massacre in Louisiana (1. This postcard shows a lynching in Minnesota (1.

This sign is from Detroit (1. Brown v. Board of Education (1. In that year, the Supreme Court had ruled in Plessy v.

Ferguson that segregation was legal, as long as things were . In the lawsuit, the parents argued that the black and white schools were not . After years of work, Thurgood Marshall and a team of other NAACP lawyers won the case. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.

However, Brown did not reverse Plessy v. Brown made segregation in schools illegal.

But segregation in all other places was still legal. The Montgomery Bus Boycott (1. On December 1, 1. Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a public bus to make room for a white passenger. Parks was a civil rights activist and NAACP member; she had just returned from a training on nonviolent civil disobedience. They decided they would not ride on the buses again until they were treated the same as whites. Under segregation, blacks could not sit in front of whites - they had to sit in the back of the bus.

Also, if a white person told a black person to move so they could sit down, the black person had to. It lasted for 3. 81 days and almost bankrupt the bus system. In 1. 95. 6, they won the case, and the Supreme Court ordered Alabama to de- segregate its buses.

Before this, only whites were allowed at the school. However, the Little Rock School Board had agreed to follow the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education and de- segregate its schools. The Governor of Arkansas called out soldiers from the Arkansas National Guard to prevent the black students from even entering the school. This was against a Supreme Court ruling, so President Dwight D. Eisenhower got involved. He took control of the Arkansas National Guard and ordered them to leave the school.

Then he sent soldiers from the United States Army to protect the students. This was an important civil rights victory. It meant the federal government was willing to get involved and force states to end segregation in schools. Other schools across the South did the same thing. They would sit at the lunch counter and politely ask to buy some food.

When they were told to leave, they would continue to sit quietly at the counter. Often they would stay until the lunch counter closed. Groups of activists would keep coming back to sit in at the same places until those places agreed to serve African Americans at their lunch counters. In 1. 95. 8, the NAACP organized the first sit- in in Wichita, Kansas. They sat in at a lunch counter in in a store called Dockum's Drug Store. After three weeks, they got the store to de- segregate. Not long after, all of the Dockum Drug Stores in Kansas were de- segregated.

Next, students in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma led a successful sit- in at another drug store. In 1. 96. 0, college students (including some white students) began to sit in at a Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina. After a while, they began to sit in at other lunch counters. In the stores that held these lunch counters, sales dropped by one- third.

These stores de- segregated to avoid continuing to lose money. After five months of sit- ins, the Woolworth's in Greensboro also de- segregated its lunch counter. Newspapers all over the country wrote about the Greensboro sit- ins. Soon, people started sitting in across the South. A few days after the Greensboro students started their sit- in, students in Nashville, Tennessee began their own sit- ins. They chose stores in the part of Nashville that had the most businesses.

Before starting their sit- ins, they decided they would not be violent, no matter what. They wrote out rules, which activists in other cities began to use also. Their rules said: Do not . Do not block entrances to stores outside .

Do sit straight; always face the counter. Do refer information seekers to your leader in a polite manner.

Remember the teachings of Jesus, Gandhi, Martin Luther King. Love and nonviolence is the way. However, the students were always nonviolent.

Their protests, and the attacks on them, brought more newspaper stories and attention. It also showed how the activists were truly nonviolent. Sit- ins even happened in Nevada, and in northern states like Ohio.

Over 7. 0,0. 00 people, black and white, took part in sit- ins.