Table Mountain - Wikipedia. Table Mountain (Khoikhoi: Hoerikwaggo, Afrikaans: Tafelberg) is a flat- topped mountain forming a prominent landmark overlooking the city of Cape Town in South Africa. It is a significant tourist attraction, with many visitors using the cableway or hiking to the top. Table Mountain is home to large array of fauna and flora, most of which is endemic. The plateau, flanked by Devil's Peak to the east and by Lion's Head to the west, forms a dramatic backdrop to Cape Town. This broad sweep of mountainous heights, together with Signal Hill, forms the natural amphitheatre of the City Bowl and Table Bay harbour. The highest point on Table Mountain is towards the eastern end of the plateau and is marked by Maclear's Beacon, a stone cairn built in 1.

Sir Thomas Maclear for trigonometrical survey. It is 1,0. 86 metres (3,5. The cliffs of the main plateau are split by Platteklip Gorge (. Legend attributes this phenomenon to a smoking contest between the Devil and a local pirate called Van Hunks. Immediately to the south of Table Mountain is a rugged . The Atlantic side of the Back Table, is known as the Twelve Apostles, which extends from Kloof Nek (the saddle between Table Mountain and Lion's Head) to Hout Bay. The eastern side of this portion of the Peninsula's mountain chain, extending from Devil's Peak, the eastern side of Table Mountain (Erica and Fernwood Buttresses), and the Back Table to Constantia Nek, does not have single name, as on the western side.

It is better known by the names of the conservation areas on its lower slopes: Groote Schuur Estate, Newlands Forest, Kirstenbosch Botanical Gardens, Cecilia Forest, and Constantia Nek. Devil's Peak, Table Mountain and the Back Table seen from the Cape Flats. In this view Table Mountain is seen . It is the view of the mountain that greets a visitor to Cape Town arriving by road (particularly along the N2). The distance from Constantia Nek to the lower slopes of Devil's Peak on the right hand side of the photograph is 9 km (as the crow flies).

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Geology. Compare with map on the left. The 7. 0 m thick lower layer, known as the .

They can also been seen in the cutting along Chapman's Peak Drive. These rocks are believed to have originated in shallow tidal flats, in which a few Ordovician fossils, and fossil tracks have been preserved. Devil's Peak, Signal Hill, the City Bowl and much of the . The Cape Granite and Malmesbury shales form the lower, gentler slopes of the Table Mountain range on the Cape Peninsula. They are of late Precambrian age, pre- dating the . It indicates how the Cape Fold Mountains have been eroded in this region, leaving what was once the bottom of a valley to form Table Mountain with its flat table- top structure. Most of the vineyards found on the Cape Peninsula are therefore found on these granitic slopes of the Table Mountain range.

The main feature of Table Mountain is the level plateau approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) from side to side, edged by impressive cliffs. The plateau, flanked by Devil. FIFA 1904 is a monthly magazine which is published as both a print edition and as a free online publication. The 68-page magazine contains in-depth stories and. 2017 Top of the Table Annual Meeting Rancho Palos Verdes, California, USA October 18–21, 2017 Terranea Resort.

The mountain owes it table- top flatness to the fact that it is a syncline mountain, meaning that it once was the bottom of a valley (see diagram on the right). The anticline, or highest point of the series of folds that Table Mountain was once part of, lay to the east, but that has been weathered away, together with the underlying softer Malmesbury shale and granite basement, to form the . The Fold Mountains reappear as the Hottentots- Holland Mountain range on the mainland side of the . Originally this was topped by a thin glacial tillite layer, known as the Pakhuis Formation (see the diagram above, left), above which was the upper layer of Table Mountain Sandstone.

Both these layers, but especially the tillite layer, are softer than the lower layer of Table Mountain Sandstone. When these softer layers eroded away, like a cream- topping on a cake, they left a very hard, flat erosion- resistant quartzitic sandstone platform behind which, today, forms Table Mountain's top. Table Mountain is the northernmost end of a 5. Cape Fold Mountain range that forms the back bone of the Cape Peninsula, stretching from the Cape of Good Hope in the south to Table Mountain and its flanking Devil's Peak (to the east) and Lion's Head- Signal Hill (to the west) in the north. Table Mountain forms the highest point of this range.

The range runs parallel to the other Cape Fold Mountain ranges on the mainland to the east. Silver trees (Leucadendron argenteum) only occur naturally on the granite and clay soils of the Cape Peninsula, surrounding Table Mountain and the Back Table. Its vegetation consists predominantly of several different types of the unique and rich Cape fynbos.

The main vegetation type is endangered Peninsula Sandstone Fynbos, but critically endangered. Peninsula Granite Fynbos, Peninsula Shale Renosterveld and Afromontane forest occur in smaller portions on the mountain. Table Mountain's vegetation types form part of the Cape Floral Region protected areas. These protected areas are a World Heritage Site, and an estimated 2,2. Table Mountain and the Cape Peninsula range, of which a great proportion, including many species of proteas, are endemic to these mountains and valleys and can be found nowhere else. Although they are quite widespread on the Back Table, the best (most certain, and close- up) place to view these beautiful blooms is in the .

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However, much of the indigenous forest was felled by the early European settlers for fuel for the lime kilns needed during the construction of the Castle. Hout Bay (in Dutch .

The frequency of the fires obviously determines precisely which mix of plants will dominate any particular region. Fire frequency is therefore a matter of chance rather than conservation. Despite intensive conservation efforts the Table Mountain range has the highest concentration of threatened species of any continental area of equivalent size in the world.

Considerable efforts have been made to control the rapid spread of these invasive alien trees. Other invasive plants include black wattle, blackwood, Port Jackson and rooikrans (All Australian members of the acacia family), as well as several Hakea species and bramble.

Between about 2. 00. They used to cluster around the restaurant at the upper cable station, near areas where tourists discarded or (inadvisably supplied) food. The population crash of the dassies was in all probability responsible for the decline in the Verreaux's eagle population on the Peninsula, which is believed to have consisted of 3 breeding pairs during the period 1. From 2. 01. 3 till January 2. Verreaux's Eagle, presumed to be a female, remained on the Peninsula. She continued to maintain the nest under Noordhoek Peak, but seemed unable to attract a mate. But in early 2. 01.

January - 5 February). It remains to be seen whether they will breed later in the year. Dassies are an important part the Verreaux's eagle's prey on the Peninsula.

The last lion in the area was shot circa 1. Leopards persisted on the mountains until perhaps the 1. Two smaller, secretive, nocturnal carnivores, the rooikat (caracal) and the vaalboskat (also called the vaalkat or Southern African wildcat) were once common in the mountains and the mountain slopes.

The rooikat continues to be seen on rare occasions by mountaineers but the status of the vaalboskat is uncertain. The mountain cliffs are home to several raptors species, apart from the Verreaux's eagle.

They include the jackal buzzard, booted eagle (in summer), African harrier- hawk, peregrine falcon and the rock kestrel. The Farthest (2017) Online English. Their numbers in 2.

Up until the late 1. Peninsula, including the Back Table immediately behind Table Mountain.

Since then they have abandoned Table Mountain and the Back Table, and only occur south of Constantia Nek. They have also abandoned the tops of many of the mountains, in favor of the lower slopes, particularly when these were covered in pine plantations which seemed to provide them with more, or higher quality food than the fynbos on the mountain tops.